The culture wars surrounding evolution have often funneled our thinking into two narrow paths. This article invites readers into the Creation-Evolution Debate through open, critical inquiry. Often, our creation theologies are reduced to the binary symbols of the Jesus fish or the Darwin fish. Ironically, a devout Christian might drive a vehicle made possible by centuries of applied science while simultaneously dismissing scientists for promoting an anti-Christian agenda. Conversely, a theoretical physicist might naively dismiss religion as mere blind faith. Rather than contributing to this supposed conflict between science and faith, I want to do something more disruptive: examine Scripture for its own perspectives on natural selection.
The Hebrew creation accounts, specifically Genesis 1–2, weave together the same three concerns that Charles Darwin identified as the central pillars of natural selection: scarcity of resources, fitness to habitat, and their combined impact on reproduction. My goal is to consider the parallels between Darwinian theory and later developments in evolutionary science, then compare them to the conceptual world of the Bible. We will explore where these two worldviews align and where they diverge.
Whether it is a grand coincidence or a deeper connection, the overlapping focus on genealogical selection in both Scripture and Darwinian thought deserves careful attention. Ultimately, both frameworks provide foundational narratives regarding the origin, development, and future of the cosmos.
These biblical and scientific folktales mean to speak realistically about our beginnings. Both stories intend to say something true about the natural history of the universe (even if one thinks the biblical authors do so poetically or analogically). Hence, I use the terms folktale and mythology as positive terms, not pejorative ones. Folktale does not relate to scientific or historical value but to explanatory purpose. Like all folktales, these two views about creation are designed to explain what we see and how it came to be.
The biblical authors constructed polished and concise stories of human origins to reason with their audiences (which later include us) about the invisible and organizing features of our cosmos. Because the biblical literature consistently develops these metaphysical views, we will do well to trace their metaphysical assumptions from beginning to end. The metaphysics that the biblical authors want us to understand is not a complex abstract system but a version of our material world reimagined with a different orientation.
Whether you read biblical texts as history or mystery, they are not just telling stories; they are selling an intellectual tradition rooted in creation. We will soon see the same with some folktales from the evolutionary sciences.
Some of these folktales from the evolutionary sciences differ from the biblical ones on this front: they offer no vision for the way things ought to be. For many, if not most, there simply is no particular way in which the material universe is supposed to be oriented. For most versions of the story in the evolutionary sciences, the cosmos now is as it always has been and ever more shall be. Not so for the biblical authors, from the Hebrew Scriptures (Old Testament) to the New Testament. Understanding that pivotal reorientation of the cosmos (what I am calling the metaphysical aspect) illuminates how the biblical authors singularly frame the intersection of scarcity, fit, and sex in the process of genetic selection.
Overlaying the maps of these two intellectual worlds—the Bible’s and evolutionary science’s—will show us the various routes they each forge to conceptualize the world we know today. The biblical authors’ persistent dealings with communitarian ethics, scientific paths to knowledge, metaphysical principles, and causal physical relationships make the biblical intellectual world remarkably relevant for us. Even more, it is relevant for us in ways that other ancient intellectual worlds are not.
I will argue that the intellectual world of the biblical authors makes our world existentially, ethically, and physically coherent in a way that could be harmonized with many of the findings of science—depending on how one construes both enterprises.
Taken from What Hath Darwin to Do with Scripture? by Dru Johnson. Copyright (c) 2023 by Andrew Michael Johnson. Used by permission of InterVarsity Press. www.ivpress.com